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The blast that killed Rafik Hariri left a scene of devastation in downtown Beirut
The long-awaited verdict is due in the trial of four men allegedly involved in the killing of former Lebanese PM Rafik Hariri and 21 others in a 2005 bombing.
The defendants – suspected members of the Lebanese Shia militant group Hezbollah – were tried in absentia by a special tribunal in the Netherlands.
Outrage at the attack in Beirut forced Hezbollah’s backer Syria to pull its troops out of Lebanon after 29 years.
Hezbollah and Syria’s government denied any involvement in the attack.
More than 220 people were also injured when a van filled with explosives blew up as Mr Hariri’s convoy passed along Beirut’s seafront corniche.
The killing was a watershed moment for Lebanon and gave rise to rival alliances that shaped Lebanese politics for years afterwards.
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Hariri, a billionaire businessman, had urged Syria to leave Lebanon
Mr Hariri’s son, Saad, led the anti-Syrian, pro-Western grouping that emerged, and subsequently served three terms as prime minister himself.
He is expected to be at the Special Tribunal for Lebanon (STL), which is based in a village on the outskirts of The Hague, when the verdict is delivered on Tuesday.
The whereabouts of the four accused – Salim Jamil Ayyash, Hassan Habib Merhi, Hussein Hassan Oneissi and Assad Hassan Sabra – are not known.
None of them commented on the trial. But their court-appointed defence lawyers dismissed the prosecution’s case, saying it relied on circumstantial evidence and did not prove they were guilty beyond reasonable doubt.
What’s the case about?
On the morning of 14 February 2005, Rafik Hariri – then an MP who aligned himself with the opposition in parliament – was travelling in a motorcade past Beirut’s St George Hotel when a bomb hidden a van exploded.
The blast created a huge crater in the street, and left nearby vehicles smouldering and shopfronts blown out and blackened.
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The killing of Hariri triggered huge anti-government protests in Beirut
Hariri had been one of Lebanon’s most prominent Sunni politicians and at the time of his death had backed calls for Syria to withdraw its troops, which had been in Lebanon since 1976 following the start of the country’s civil war.
The killing brought tens of thousands of demonstrators onto the streets in protest against the pro-Syrian government, with the finger of blame for the assassination pointed at Lebanon’s heavily influential neighbour.
The government resigned two weeks later and Syria withdrew its forces that April.
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After collecting evidence, the UN and Lebanon’s government set up the STL in 2007 to investigate the bombing, and four suspects were ultimately put on trial in absentia on charges that included conspiracy to commit a terrorist act.
A fifth suspect, Hezbollah military commander Mustafa Amine Badreddine, was removed from the indictment after he was killed in Syria in 2016.
Hezbollah’s supporters have dismissed the trial, arguing that the STL process is not politically neutral.
Why does the trial matter?
Putting the four men on trial, albeit in absentia, was hailed as a historic moment for international justice and for Lebanon.
It demonstrated a will to hold accountable perpetrators of crimes in a country where patronage and protection might otherwise shield them from prosecution.
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Hezbollah chief Hassan Nasrallah has rejected the trial as a plot
There were, though, deep divisions between those who supported having the trial and those who felt it was a political tool.
Hezbollah has vowed not to surrender the four men if they are convicted.
It is the most powerful military force in the country alongside the Lebanese army, and exercises wide influence over Lebanon’s caretaker government.
The end of the trial also comes at a time of deep crisis in Lebanon.
The country is still reeling from the catastrophic blast at Beirut’s port on 4 August, which killed at least 180 people and injured more than 6,000 others.
Even before that, Lebanon was in deep economic trouble, with a currency collapse, soaring inflation and spiralling unemployment triggering mass protests.
Whichever way the verdict goes, fresh tensions are almost certain to follow.
